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一、计算机硬件
(一)认识计算机
1.一台完整的计算机=硬件+软件 裸机=硬件
2.冯诺依曼计算机体系
1)计算机硬件由:存储器,运算器,控制器,输入设备,输出设备,五部分构成
2)采用二进制表示数据和指令
3)讲程序预先放在主存储器中,使计算机工作时能更高效地从存储器中取出指令,直接运行
3.cpu
两大厂商:Intel 和 AMD(Intel 以稳著称、AMD以快著称)
cpu接口:LGA触点式(Intel), PGA针式(AMD,里面含金,软的,容易歪)
选购cpu指标:主频,缓存,核数
主频:进行运算,运算需要数据,数据由缓存提供,因此缓存越大,速度越快
缓存:缓存最重要,缓存越大速度越快,一般1—4G
核数:可以理解为干活的人,核数越大,干活的人越多,运行速度越快
4.存储设备-硬盘
负责存储数据,永久存储
8bit=1b
1024b=1kb
1024kb=1mb
1024mb=1GB
1024GB=1TB
1024TB=1PB
5.内存
解决了cpu和硬盘速度不对等的问题,只在开机后存储数据。默认情况下,cpu从内存读取数据,内存从硬盘读取数据。为了提升效率,一般在开机的时候,会将常用数据直接从硬盘读入内存条。看最忙的时候,任务管理器,如果使用率为20%,30%,内存完全够用,80%有点危险了。台式的和笔记本的内存条不一样,买内存条不能异想天开,要看主板最大能容纳多大。选购内存条最好同品牌同频率。
二、计算机操作系统
操作系统是一段计算机代码,用来管理计算机硬件,是应用程序的平台。