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Gateway服务网关
Spring Cloud Gateway 是 Spring Cloud 的一个全新项目,该项目是基于 Spring 5.0,Spring Boot 2.0
和 Project Reactor 等响应式编程和事件流技术开发的网关,它旨在为微服务架构提供一种简单有效的统一的 API 路由管理方式。
为什么需要网关
Gateway网关是我们服务的守门神,所有微服务的统一入口。
网关的核心功能特性:
*
请求路由
*
权限控制
*
限流
架构图:
权限控制:网关作为微服务入口,需要校验用户是是否有请求资格,如果没有则进行拦截。
路由和负载均衡
:一切请求都必须先经过gateway,但网关不处理业务,而是根据某种规则,把请求转发到某个微服务,这个过程叫做路由。当然路由的目标服务有多个时,还需要做负载均衡。
限流:当请求流量过高时,在网关中按照下流的微服务能够接受的速度来放行请求,避免服务压力过大。
在SpringCloud中网关的实现包括两种:
*
gateway
*
zuul
Zuul是基于Servlet的实现,属于阻塞式编程。而SpringCloudGateway则是基于Spring5中提供的WebFlux,属于响应式编程的实现,具备更好的性能。