As far as the actual situation is concerned , The roles of two computers as clients or servers may be interchanged . But for a communication line , The roles of server and client are clear .HTTP The roles at both ends of the agreement are clear .
Example of message sending request ：
GET /index.htm HTTP/1.1 Host: hackr.jp
It's in here ,GET Indicates the type of access server requested ,/index.htm Represents a resource object that requests access , Also called request URI,HTTP/1.1 On behalf of the client HTTP Version number of , Used to prompt the client to use HTTP Protocol function .
The request message consists of the request method , request URI, Protocol version , The optional request header consists of fields and content entities .
Example of response message ：
HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date : Tue ,10 Jul 2012 06:50:15 GMT Content - Length :362
Content - Type : text/html <html> ... </html>
there HTTP/1.1 Indicates the server HTTP Version number of ,OK Is a reason statement , The next line is response time , Write the main body of the resource entity in a blank line below .
HTTP Agreement passed URI Locate resources on the Internet , because URI Characteristics of , Resources from any location on the Internet can be accessed , If you do not access a specific resource, but make a request to the server itself , Can use *
To replace URI.
HTTP method ：
GET
Get the resources of the server
It is worth noting that ： The specified resource must be resolved on the server side before it can return a response , If the request is text , Then return as is , If it's a program , Then the output result is returned .
POST
The body used to transfer the entity .
GET You can also transfer the body of an entity , However, it is generally used POST Operate , because POST The main purpose of is not to get the main content of the response .
PUT
Used to transfer files to the server .
General websites do not support PUT, because PUT Authentication is not supported , Very dangerous .
DELETE
Used to delete the resources of the server .
and PUT equally , General websites do not support .
HEAD
Get resource related information .
And GET Method similarity , however HEAD Method does not return the message body , Mainly used to confirm URI Validity of and date and time of resource update .
OPTIONS
Ask for support .
Used to query for requests URI Specifies the method supported by the resource .
TRACE
Used to understand the process of transmission in the physical layer , How many routers have you passed , How did you handle it .
CONNECT
Connection agent using tunneling protocol .
HTTP Connection of ：
Persistent connection ：
As long as either end does not explicitly propose to disconnect , Then keep TCP Connection status of .
stay HTTP/1.1 in , All connections are persistent by default .
Pipelining ：
Persistent connections make pipelining possible .
That is, the next request is sent directly without waiting for the response of the previous request .
In that case , Multiple requests can be sent in parallel at the same time , And the more requests , The more obvious the time difference is .
Cookie Management status
HTTP Stateless ：
HTTP Is a protocol that does not save state , Stateless protocol , It does not persist any sent request or response .
HTTP The state in which advantages are not saved ： Lightweight , Able to handle a large number of transactions quickly , Ensure the scalability of the protocol .
use Cookie：
Cookie One of the response messages sent from the server is called Set-Cookie Header field information for , Notify client to save Cookie.
When writing a client to send a request , The client will automatically Cookie Add to the request message .
When the server finds the message sent from the client Cookie Time , Will check which client sent the request , Then compare the records on the server , Verify , You can get the previous status information .
Reference books ：《 graphic HTTP》 Ueno Xuan Write Yu Junliang translate
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