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<>集合的全排列问题:
集合的全排列问题,其实代码实现很简单,但是发现刚开始理解代码起来是有点困难的
下面是我对代码程序的思路理解:
首先要注意的是,这里采用递归的思想来解决全排列问题,这就要求对递归要有一定的理解,在下面的代码中可以看到,有一段代码需要解释:
可以看到这里有两个swap函数:第一个swap函数用来固定当前要取的数的位置(第一个swap的固定功能在递推过程),递推直到打印一组数字接着递归返回的时候,
第二个swap函数刚开始也是自己与自己固定,相当于位置没有发生改变
,接着在经过一次循环之后,第一个swap函数用于交换两个数,然后接着开始新一轮的递归(与刚开始一样),接下里运行到第二个swap函数的时候,恢复刚开始两数据交换的原始位置,
值得注意的是,这里有for循环j变量控制是否可以接着新一轮的递归,然后不断重复上面的过程
#include <stdio.h> void swap(int &x,int &y) { int temp; temp=x; x=y; y=temp;
} void per(int list[], int k, int m) { if(k==m) { for(int i=0; i<=m; i++) {
printf("%d ",list[i]); } printf("\n"); } else for(int j=k; j<=m; j++) {
swap(list[k],list[j]); per(list,k+1,m); swap(list[k],list[j]); } } int main() {
int list[3]={1,2,3}; per(list,0,2); //这里参数的含义为数组从物理下边0到2个数的全排列 return 0; }
<>稍微改变,用到了c++中万能头文件<bits/stdc++.h>
#include <bits/stdc++.h> //c++万能头文件 void per(int list[], int k, int m) {
if(k==m) { for(int i=0; i<=m; i++) { printf("%d ",list[i]); } printf("\n"); }
else for(int j=k; j<=m; j++) { std::swap(list[k],list[j]);
//注意,这里用到了c++标准库中的algorithm中的交换函数; per(list,k+1,m); std::swap(list[k],list[j]);
} } int main() { int list[3]={1,2,3}; per(list,0,2); return 0; }