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满意答案
电自检(POST)计算机上电自检(POST)的基本过程 主板在接通电源后,系统首先由(Power On Self
Test,上电自检)程序来对内部各个设备进行检查。在我们按下起动键(电源开关)时,系
统的控制权就交由BIOS来完成,由于此时电压还不稳定,主板控制芯片组会向CPU发出并保持一个RESET(重置)信号,让CPU初始化,
同时等待电源发出的POWER GOOD信号(电源准备好信号)。当电源开始稳定供电后(当然从不稳定到稳定的过程也只是短暂的瞬间),芯
片组便撤去RESET信号(如果是手动按下计算机面板上的Reset按钮来重启机器,那么松开该按钮时芯片组就会撤去RESET信号),CPU马
上就从地址FFFF0H处开始执行指令,这个地址在系统 BIOS的地址范围内,无论是Award BIOS还是AMI BIOS,放在这里的只是一条跳
转指令,跳到系统BIOS中真正的启动代码处。系统BIOS的启动代码首先要做的事情就是进行POST(Power On Self Test,加电自检),由
于电脑的硬件设备很多(包括存储器、中断、扩展卡),因此要检测这些设备的工作状态是否正常。
这一过程是逐一进行的,BIOS厂商对每一个设备都给出了一个检测代码(称为POST CODE即开机自我检测代码),在对某个设置进行
检测时,首先将对应的POST CODE写入80H(地址)诊断端口,当该设备检测通过,则接着送另一个设置的POST CODE,对此设置进
行测试。如果某个设备测试没有通过,则此POST CODE会在80H处保留下来,检测程序也会中止,并根据已定的报警声进行报警
(BIOS厂商对报警声也分别作了定义,不同的设置出现故障,其报警声也是不同的,我们可以根据报警声的不同,分辨出故障所在。
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