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简述什么是静态测试、动态测试、黑盒测试、白盒测试、α测试 β测试?
* 静态测试是不运行程序本身而寻找程序代码中可能存在的错误或评估程序代码的过程。
*
动态测试是实际运行被测程序,输入相应的测试实例,检查运行结果与预期结果的差异,判定执行结果是否符合要求,从而检验程序的正确性、可靠性和有效性,并分析系统运行效率和健壮性等性能。
*
黑盒测试一般用来确认软件功能的正确性和可操作性,目的是检测软件的各个功能是否能得以实现,把被测试的程序当作一个黑盒,不考虑其内部结构,在知道该程序的输入和输出之间的关系或程序功能的情况下,依靠软件规格说明书来确定测试用例和推断测试结果的正确性。
*
白盒测试根据软件内部的逻辑结构分析来进行测试,是基于代码的测试,测试人员通过阅读程序代码或者通过使用开发工具中的单步调试来判断软件的质量,一般黑盒测试由项目经理在程序员开发中来实现。
* α测试是由一个用户在开发环境下进行的测试,也可以是公司内部的用户在模拟实际操作环境下进行的受控测试,Alpha测试不能由程序员或测试员完成。
* β测试是软件的多个用户在一个或多个用户的实际使用环境下进行的测试。开发者通常不在测试现场,Beta测试不能由程序员或测试员完成。
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