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1.软件危机
软件危机是指在计算机软件的开发和维护过程中所遇到的一系列严重问题。主要包含两方面的问题:
(1)如何开发软件,以满足对软件日益增长的需求
(2)如何维护数量不断膨胀的已有软件
2.软件危机的典型表现
(1)对软件开发成本和进度估计不准确
(2)用户对“已完成的”软件系统不满意的现象经常发生
(3)软件产品的质量往往靠不住
(4)软件常常是不可维护的
(5)软件通常没有适当的文档资料
(6)软件成本在计算机系统总成本中所占比例逐年上升
(7)软件开发技术跟不上计算机应用迅速普及深入的趋势
3.软件危机出现的原因
(1)软件是计算机中的逻辑部件而不是物理部件。
(2)软件显著特点是规模庞大
(3)对软件开发和维护还有不少糊涂观念,采用了错误的方法和技术
(4)存在于软件开发和维护有关的许多错误认识和做法
(5)对用户要求没有完整准确的认识就着手匆忙编写程序
(6)一个软件从定义、开发、使用和维护,直到最终被抛弃,要经历一个漫长的时期
(7)一个软件产品必须由一个完整的配置组成,要包括程序、文档和数据等成分
(8)在软件开发的不同阶段进行修改需要付出的代价是很不相同的
(9)轻视维护