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<>C++宽字符类型wchar_t
传统的字符数据类型为char,占用一个字节,存放的数据内容为ASCII编码,最多可以存放255种字符,基本的英文以及常用字符都可以涵盖
随着计算机在国际范围内普及,大量使用其它语言的计算机用户也纷纷出现,传统的ASCII编码已经无法满足人们的使用,因此一种新的字符存放类型wchar_t应运而生
wchar_t为宽字符类型或双字符类型,它占用两个字节,因此能够存放更多的字符
wchar_t的使用实例如下所示:
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { wchar_t str[] = L"ABCD";
wchar_t c = L'W'; char str1[] = "ABCD"; char *ptr = (char *)str; char *p =
(char*)str1; cout << "The wchar_t size is:" << sizeof(c) << endl; wcout << str
<< endl; for(int i=0; i<sizeof(str); i++) cout << (int)ptr[i] << " "; cout <<
endl; for(int i=0; i<sizeof(str1); i++) cout << (int)p[i] << " "; cout << endl;
wcout << c << endl; }
程序执行结果如下所示:
The wchar_t size is:2 ABCD 65 0 66 0 67 0 68 0 0 0 65 66 67 68 0 W
根据以上程序分析得知,wchar_t的特点如下:
* 定义wchar_t时,需要以L开头,如果没有L,程序将会将wchar_t转换为char
* 对于ASCII码能够存放的数据类型,其高位存放的数据为0x00
* char类型的字符串以’\0’结尾,wchar_t类型的字符串以’\0\0’结尾
* 要想输出wchar_t类型的字符,必须使用wcout,其在iostream中声明
