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在AES加密中,常用的模式有ECB、CBC、CFB和OFB等。每种模式都有其优缺点,以下是每种模式的优缺点:
1.ECB模式(电子密码本模式):
优点:
算法简单,加解密速度快。
易于并行计算,因此在硬件中实现时非常高效。
缺点:
不支持并行加解密,因此安全性较差。
明文块内部存在重复,容易受到攻击。
2.CBC模式(密码分组链接模式):
优点:
相邻的明文块加密后的密文块是不同的,增加了加密的安全性。
可以处理变长的明文,适用性更广。
缺点:
加密过程是串行的,不适合硬件加速。
初始向量IV必须是随机的,否则容易受到攻击。
3.CFB模式(密码反馈模式):
优点:
支持加密和解密的输出反馈模式,因此可以进行流加密。
可以处理变长的明文,适用性更广。
缺点:
加密过程是串行的,不适合硬件加速。
密钥流的产生需要时间,因此加解密的时延较大。
4.OFB模式(输出反馈模式):
优点:
支持加密和解密的输出反馈模式,因此可以进行流加密。
可以处理变长的明文,适用性更广。
缺点:
加密过程是串行的,不适合硬件加速。
密钥流的产生需要时间,因此加解密的时延较大。
需要注意的是,以上模式中,ECB模式安全性最差,CBC、CFB和OFB模式相对安全性更高,因此在选择加密模式时需要根据实际情况和安全需求进行选择。