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<>1. 关于InputStream.read()
在从数据流里读取数据时,为图简单,经常用InputStream.read()方法。这个方法是从流里每次只读取读取一个字节,效率会非常低。
更好的方法是用InputStream.read(byte[] b)或者InputStream.read(byte[] b,int off,int
len)方法,一次读取多个字节。
<>2. 关于InputStream类的available()方法
要一次读取多个字节时,经常用到InputStream.available()方法,这个方法可以在读写操作前先得知数据流里有多少个字节可以读取。需要注意的是,如果这个方法用在从本
地文件读取数据时,一般不会遇到问题,但如果是用于网络操作,就经常会遇到一些麻烦。比如,Socket通讯时,对方明明发来了1000个字节,但是自己的程序调用available()方法却只得到900,或者100,甚至是0,感觉有点莫名其妙,怎么也找不到原因。其实,这是因为网络通讯往往是间断性的,一串字节往往分几批进行发送。本地程序调用available()方法有时得到0,这可能是对方还没有响应,也可能是对方已经响应了,但是数据还没有送达本地。对方发送了1000个字节给你,也许分成3批到达,这你就要调用3次available()方法才能将数据总数全部得到。
如果这样写代码: int count = in.available(); byte[] b = new byte[count]; inputStream.
read(b);
在进行网络操作时往往出错,因为你调用available()方法时,对发发送的数据可能还没有到达,你得到的count是0。
需要改成这样:
int count = 0; while (count == 0) { count = in.available(); } byte[] b = new
byte[count]; in.read(b);
<>3. 关于InputStream.read(byte[] b)和InputStream.read(byte[] b,int off,int len)
这两个方法都是用来从流里读取多个字节的,有经验的程序员就会发现,这两个方法经常
读取不到自己想要读取的个数的字节。比如第一个方法,程序员往往希望程序能读取到b.length个字节,而实际情况是,系统往往读取不了这么多。仔细阅读Java的API说明就发现了,这个方法
并不保证能读取这么多个字节,它只能保证最多读取这么多个字节(最少1个)。因此,如果要让程序读取count个字节,最好用以下代码:
byte[] b = new byte[count]; int readCount = 0; // 已经成功读取的字节的个数 while (
readCount< count) { readCount += in.read(bytes, readCount, count - readCount); }
用这段代码可以保证读取count个字节,除非中途遇到IO异常或者到了数据流的结尾(EOFException)