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一个典型CPU是由运算器、控制器、寄存器等器件组成,这些器件靠内部总线相连。
区别:内部总线实现CPU内部各个器件之间的联系
外部总线实现CPU与主板上其它器件的联系。(地址,数据,控制)
8086CPU有14个寄存器,他们的名称为:
AX、CX、CX、DX、SI、DI、SP、BP、IP、CS、SS、DS、ES、PSW
(简单理解1+1把1放AX,2放BX,加起来的和放在CX)
AX、CX、CX、DX这几个是通用寄存器。
8086CPU所有的寄存器都是16位的,可以存放两个字节。
8086上一代CPU中的寄存器都是8位;
为了保证兼容性,这四个寄存器都可以分为两个独立的8位寄存器使用。
AX可以分为AH和AL(兼容以前就把AH置为0)
字在存储器中的存储
一个字可以存在一个16位的寄存器中,这个字的高位字节和低位字节自然就存在这个寄存器的高8位寄存器和低8位寄存器
所以一个字等于两个字节
关于进制数:
十六进制数的一位相当于二进制数的四位
一个内存单元可以存放8位数据,CPU中的寄存器又可以存放n个8位数据,就是说计算机中的数据大多是由1-N个8位数据构成的。
用十六进制来表示数据可以直观的看出这个数据是由哪些8位数据构成的,每两位对应一个8进制。