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实验要求:
使用BGP,按照真实网络环境的逻辑配置;实现所有pc间可以互相通讯
实验要求分析:
1、本实验是一个EBGP连接IBGP,再由IBGP连接EBGP;IBGP内部建邻,EBGP与IBGP之间建邻。
2、建邻的条件是两个建邻的IP之间要互通
3、R3上会出现水平分割,R2与R4建邻,R2将路由传递给R4
4、R5上有两条链路,若要用环回建邻,则需修改TTL值
5、一旦使用环回地址做为建邻地址,同时需要修改源ip地址,为本地的环回地址
实验步骤:
实验拓扑图:
1、给各台路由器配置IP地址
2、给每台PC配置IP地址
3、IBGP中启用OSPF协议,使IBGP中的路由器互通
4、建立邻居关系
1)R1与R2建邻
2)R2与R3建邻,R3与R4建邻
3)R4与R5建邻
建邻条件:R4与R5之间互通
R4与R5建邻,并修改TTL值为2
5、R1上宣告
R2与R3建邻,
当下BGP环境,不优主要是因为下一跳不可达;
因为AS-BY-AS 导致,一条路由信息在IBGP邻居传递时,其属性默认不编号;最终时常导致下一跳不可达;
要求路由条目传递给,下一个邻居时,修改下一跳为本地地址;
所以R2上修改为本地下一跳
R2、R3上可以加表
R4的BGP上没有11.1.1.0/24 ???
原因:
IBGP水平分割—防御IBGP环境下的环路
AS-BY-AS特性—以一个AS为一跳;因此在一个AS内部传递的路由,其属性默认没有任何变化;
IBGP水平分割—从一个IBGP邻居处学习到的路由,不得传递给本地的其他的IBGP邻居;
为了实现所有BGP设备学习到所有路由,在IBGP水平分割的条件下,两两间均需要建立IBGP邻居关系;
R2与R4建邻
R4上加表
R5加表
6、R5宣告
R4修改为本地下一跳
R1与R5的PC可以互通
要实现所有PC之间互通,还需要在BGP中宣告R2,R3,R4的用户网段
PC之间可以互通,实验成功!