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刷题时经常需要输入多组数据，但是数据个数未知，这时候就不能以数据个数作为输入是否结束的判断标准了，可以通过以下方法来实现未知情况下的输入。
1.C语言：scanf语句会返回其成功读入的参数个数，例如scanf("%d",&a)返回值为1，因此我们可以用scanf返回值为-1判断是否输入结束。C语言使用EOF（End
Of File）来代表-1；
注意在黑框中输入数据时并不会触发EOF状态，因此需要我们按Ctrl+z手动触发EOF，此时框内会显示^Z，再按回车键即可退出循环。
（1）输入数字：
while(scanf("%d",&a)!=EOF){ cout<<a<<endl; }
（2）输入字符串：
方法一
while(gets(str)!=NULL){ cout<<str<<endl; }
方法二
while(scanf("%s",str)!=EOF){ cout<<str<<endl; }
2.C++：
（1）输入数字：
while(cin>>i){ cout<<i<<endl; }
（2）输入字符串：
while(getline(cin,s)){ cout<<s<<endl; }
