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IP地址分类(A类 B类 C类 D类 E类)
IP地址由四段组成,每个字段是一个字节,8位,最大值是255,,
IP地址由两部分组成,即网络地址和主机地址。网络地址表示其属于互联网的哪一个网络,主机地址表示其属于该网络中的哪一台主机。二者是主从关系。
IP地址的四大类型标识的是网络中的某台主机。IPv4的地址长度为32位,共4个字节,但实际中我们用点分十进制记法
IP地址根据网络号和主机号来分,分为A、B、C三类及特殊地址D、E。 全0和全1的都保留不用。
A类:(1.0.0.0-126.0.0.0)(默认子网掩码:255.0.0.0或
0xFF000000)第一个字节为网络号,后三个字节为主机号。该类IP地址的最前面为“0”,所以地址的网络号取值于1~126之间。一般用于大型网络。
B类:(128.0.0.0-191.255.0.0)(默认子网掩码:255.255.0.0或0xFFFF0000)前两个字节为网络号,后两个字节为主机号。该类IP地址的最前面为“10”,所以地址的网络号取值于128~191之间。一般用于中等规模网络。
C类:(192.0.0.0-223.255.255.0)(子网掩码:255.255.255.0或
0xFFFFFF00)前三个字节为网络号,最后一个字节为主机号。该类IP地址的最前面为“110”,所以地址的网络号取值于192~223之间。一般用于小型网络。
D类:是多播地址。该类IP地址的最前面为“1110”,所以地址的网络号取值于224~239之间。一般用于多路广播用户[1] 。
E类:是保留地址。该类IP地址的最前面为“1111”,所以地址的网络号取值于240~255之间。
在IP地址3种主要类型里,各保留了3个区域作为私有地址,其地址范围如下:
A类地址:10.0.0.0~10.255.255.255
B类地址:172.16.0.0~172.31.255.255
C类地址:192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255
回送地址:127.0.0.1。 也是本机地址,等效于localhost或本机IP。一般用于测试使用。例如:ping
127.0.0.1来测试本机TCP/IP是否正常。