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一.定义数组
<类型>变量名称［元素数量］；
（元素数量必须是整数）
如∶int grades ［100］；
特点∶①其中所有元素具有相同的数据类型
②一但创建，不能改变大小
（数组中的元素在内存中依次排列）
如int a［10］；有十个单位∶a［0］，a［1］
……a［9］
每个单元就是一个int类型的变量
［］里面从0开始，被称为下标或索引
二.数组运算
举例∶
const int number=10; int x; int count[number]; int i; for (i=0;i<number;i++){
count[i]=0; } scanf("%d",&x); while(x!=-1){ if(x>=0&&x<=9){ count[x]++; }
scanf("%d",&x); } for(i=0;i<number;i++){ printf("%d:%d\n",i,count[i]); }
其中const int number＝10；是数组的大小
int count［number］；是定义数组
⑴求数组单元个数
i＝sizeof（a）/sizeof（a［0］）
⑵数组的赋值
数组变量本身不能被赋值，要把一个数组的所有元素变成另一个数组，必须使用遍历
如：int a[]={ , , , ,}
for(i=0;i<length;i++){ b[i]=a[i]; }
遍历数组常见错误∶
①循环结束条件是<＝数组长度
②离开循环后，继续用i的来做数组元素的下标
数组作为函数的参数时（往往必须再用另一个参数来传入数组的大小）∶
①不能在［］中给出数组的大小
②不能再利用sizeof来计算数组的元素个数
三.二维数组
如int ［3］［5］；
a是一个3行5列的矩阵
与一维数组相比，二维数组的遍历则需两重循环
for(i=0;i<3;i++){ for(j=0;j<5;j++){ a[i][j]=i*j; } }
①列数必须给出，行数可以省略
②每行一个｛｝，逗号分隔
③如果省略，表示补零
