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<>问题E(综合评价与仿真题):光污染(ICM)
背景
光污染用于描述过度或不良使用人造光。我们称之为光污染的一些现象包括光侵入、过度照明和光杂波。在大城市,太阳落山后,这些现象最容易在天空中看到;然而,它们也可能发生在更偏远的地区。
光污染会改变我们对夜空的看法,对环境造成影响,并影响我们的健康和安全。例如,植物成熟可能会延迟或加速,野生动物的迁徙模式也会受到影响。过度的人造光可能会扰乱我们的昼夜节律,导致睡眠质量下降,可能还会导致身心健康问题。人造灯光引起的眩光可能会导致一些机动车事故。
社区官员或地方团体可以实施干预策略,以减轻光污染的负面影响。然而,人造光具有积极和消极的影响,以不同的方式影响不同的位置。例如,为了避免上述光污染的负面影响,一些社区选择了光线较低的社区,这反过来可能导致犯罪增加。光污染的影响可能取决于当地的发展水平、人口、生物多样性、地理和气候等因素。因此,评估任何干预策略的影响程度和潜在影响必须针对特定地点。
要求
COMAP组委会的照明控制任务(ICM)正在努力提高对光污染影响的认识,并制定干预策略以减轻这些影响。为了支持ICM的这项工作,您的任务是解决测量和减轻不同地点光污染的影响,同时考虑人类和非人类的问题。具体来说,您应该:
* 制定一个广泛适用的指标,以确定一个地点的光污染风险水平。
* 根据以下四种不同的类型应用度量并解释其结果位置:
* 受保护的土地位置,
* 农村社区