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数据库常见类型分为四种:层次式数据库、网络式数据库、关系型数据库、非关系型数据库。
但是常用数据库类型为:关系型数据库和非关系型数据库。
关系型数据库:
将复杂的数据结构归结为简单的二元结构(也可以叫二维表格形式)。将对数据的操作归结为对一个或多个表的操作。
常见的关系型数据库有Oracle、MySQL……
非关系型数据库:
键值存储数据库:
例如哈希表,通过该键值的key值来操作该数据的增删改查;
常见的键值存储数据库有Redis、Memcached、MemcacheDB……
列存储数据库:
通过列族存储经常一起被查询的数据;例如查找方法的时候肯定会看参数,所以就将方法和参数放入一个列族;
常见的列存储数据库有Cassandra、HBase
面向文档存储数据库:
类似于键值存储数据库,但是效率明显优于键值存储数据库。将数据以文档(最小的存储单元)的形式存储,而文档则包含数据单元(一系列数据项集合),数据单元则又分为一个key,一个对象值。但是这个对象值的类型既可以是简单数据类型,又可以是复杂的类型。
常见的面向文档存储数据库有MongoDB、CouchDB
图形数据库:
以数据结构中的图的形式存储的,以实体为顶点,以实体和实体之间的关系为边
常见的图形数据库有Neo4J、InforGrid