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C代码编译成可执行程序经过4步:
1.预处理(-E):宏定义展开、头文件展开、条件编译等,同时将代码中的注释删除,这里并不会检查语法; 生成.i文件
2.编译(-S):检查语法,将预处理后文件编译生成汇编文件; 生成.s文件
3.汇编(-c):将汇编文件生成目标文件(二进制文件); 生成.o文件
4.链接(-o):C语言写的程序是需要依赖各种库的,所以编译之后还需要把库链接到最终的可执行程序中去; 生成bin文件
1、预处理:g++ -E test.cpp -o test.i
2、编 译: g++ -S test.i -o test.s
3、汇 编: g++ -c test.s -o test.o
4、链 接: g++ test.o -o test
1、预处理:g++ -E test.cpp -o test.i——生成了test.i文件
vim打开test.i文件查看, 预处理后的文件内容变得很多很复杂;
2、编 译: g++ -S test.i -o test.s——生成了test.s文件
vim 打开test.s文件查看,看到的是一条一条的汇编指令;
3、汇 编: g++ -c test.s -o test.o——生成test.o文件
vim 打开test.o文件查看,看到的是(乱码的)计算机可识别的二进制语言文件;
4、链 接: g++ test.o -o test——生成可执行程序文件test
经过上述4个步骤生成的可执行程序文件test与一次性编译命令g++ test.cpp -o test01生成的可执行程序文件test01,大小和功能一致;
选项含义
-E(大写)只进行预处理
-S(大写)只进行预处理和编译
-c(小写)只进行预处理、编译和汇编
-o filename指定生成的输出文件名为 filename
文件后缀含义
.cppC ++语言文件
.i预处理后的 C++ 语言文件
.s编译后的汇编文件
.o编译后的目标文件
一次性编译:
g++ test.cpp -o test(同样经过:预处理、编译、汇编、链接的过程)