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引言:首先给大家分享这篇文章的初衷是,希望跟我一样对自动化接口测试感兴趣,想要一步一步了解的朋友们,我也是从基础开始学习,从网络协议一步步开始了解,在这之前python有一点点基础,如果有需要的伙伴,可以跟着我一步步,慢慢来学习了解python自动化接口测试。
一、了解网络协议
网络协议定义:网络协议为计算机网络中进行数据交换而建立的规则,标准或约定的集合。
网络协议是由三个要素组成:
1.语义:是解释控制信息每个部分的意义,它规定了需要发出何种控制信息,以及完成的动作与做出什么样的响应;
2.语法:语法是用户数据与控制信息的机构与格式,以及数据出现的顺序;
3.时序:时序是对时间发生的顺序的详细说明(也可以成为“同步”)。
注意:这三个要素描述为:语义表示要做什么,语法表示要怎么做,时序表示做的顺序。
二、计算机网络协议
1.计算机网络的通信协议分为七层:(提示:图片来自网络)
自下而上依次为:
物理层(Physics Layer)
数据链路层(Data Link Layer) 网络层(Network Layer)
传输层(Transport Layer)
会话层(Session Layer)
表示层(Presentation Layer) 应用层(Application Layer)
2.TCP/IP协议族体系结构及主要协议
注意:上面三层面向用户,对于每一层,至少制定两项标准:服务定义和协议规范
前者给出了该层所提供的服务准确定义,后者详细描述了该协议的动作和各种有关规程,以保证服务的提供。