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<>从一个.c文件到 .exe需要经历的过程
当我们接触到C语言时候,实现“著名“的”hello world”时,我们大多数是在开发工具中实现的,先点一个编译,再一个执行,“hello
world”便映入我们眼帘。不由一阵狂喜。但是,从.c 到 .exe这中间到底经历了什么,我们也很有必要了解清楚。
此处主要是有两个阶段,翻译和执行(不同书籍的名词描述可能有区别,但是流程大体是一致的)。
<>翻译阶段
翻译阶段我们又可以分为编译和链接两个子阶段。
<>编译
编译阶段是将一个或多个源文件转化为中间代码。
编译阶段又可以分为一下几个阶段
预处理器在源代码上处理一些文本操作,例如#include指令–>解析产生目标代码–>(如果加入了优化选项,则优化器会进行进一步处理)
<>链接
链接器会将中间代码、标准启动代码亓库代码三部分合成一个可执行文件(.exe文件)
<>执行阶段
1、程序载入到内存中,那些不是存储在堆栈中的尚未初始化的变量此时将得到初始值。
2、调用main函数
绝大多数的机器中,程序将使用一个运行时堆栈,存储函数的局部变量和返回地址。同时也可使用静态内存,存储静态内存中的变量。
<>新手学习,欢迎指正。