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linux常用命令介绍
Linux必学命令
Linux提供了大量的命令,利用它可以有效地完成大量的工作,如磁盘操作、文件存取、目录操作、进程管理、文件权限设定等。所以,在Linux系统上工作离不开使用系统提供的命令。要想真正理解Linux系统,就必须从Linux命令学起,通过基础的命令学习可以进一步理解Linux系统。
不同Linux发行版的命令数量不一样,但Linux发行版本最少的命令也有200多个。这里笔者把比较重要和使用频率最多的命令,按照它们在系统中的作用分成下面六个部分一一介绍。
◆ 安装和登录命令:login、shutdown、halt、reboot、install、mount、umount、chsh、exit、last;
◆ 文件处理命令:file、mkdir、grep、dd、find、mv、ls、diff、cat、ln;
◆ 系统管理相关命令:df、top、free、quota、at、lp、adduser、groupadd、kill、crontab;
◆ 网络操作命令:ifconfig、ip、ping、netstat、telnet、ftp、route、rlogin、rcp、finger、mail、
nslookup;
◆ 系统安全相关命令:passwd、su、umask、chgrp、chmod、chown、chattr、sudo ps、who;
◆ 其它命令:tar、unzip、gunzip、unarj、mtools、man、unendcode、uudecode。 本文以Mandrake Linux
9.1(Kenrel 2.4.21)为例,介绍Linux下的安装和登录命令。 login
1.作用
login的作用是登录系统,它的使用权限是所有用户。
2.格式
login [name][-p ][-h 主机名称]
3.主要参数
-p:通知login保持现在的环境参数。
-h:用来向远程登录的之间传输用户名。