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OSI:7层模型
1、应用层
2、表示层
3、会话层
4、传输层
5、网络层
6、数据链路层
7、物理层
TCP/IP协议5层模型
1、应用层
2、传输层
3、网络层
4、数据链路层
5、物理层
TCP/IP协议4层模型
1、应用层
2、传输层
3、网络层
4、网络接口层
传输层有两个协议:1、TCP (可靠会议) 2、UDP(不可靠会议)
网络层有一个协议:1、IP协议:有了IP你就可以找到对方
数据段从电脑1传到电脑2,先从电脑1的应用层最后到物理层,再从电脑2的物理层又传到了应用层(先至上而下再至下而上)
TCP协议(可靠的协议):电脑1发送数据给电脑2,过了一段时间没有收到电脑2的响应,那么TCP会再次把数据发送给电脑2,这样往复,直到收到电脑2的响应
UDP协议(不可靠的协议):电脑1发送数据给电脑2,不管有没有收到电脑2的响应,都不会做其它操作了
TCP的好处:可靠,TCP需双方建立连接
UDP的好处:速度快,不用考虑等待时间等各种操作,比TCP稍安全,UDP不需要双方建立连接
TCP三次握手(为了建立可靠的连接):
第一次握手:
四次挥手:
HTTP:一次点击一次响应
HTTP的好处:速度快
HTTPS的好处:安全性更高