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内存，cpu，硬盘区别
内存：就是存储程序以及数据的地方，比如当我们在使用WPS处理文稿时，当你在键盘上敲入字符时，它就被存入内存中，当你选择存盘时，内存中的数据才会被存入硬（磁）盘。断电后，内存中的信息全部丢失，存储介质是集成块的RAM类型，电子读写，存储容量较小。。
cpu:是英语“Central Processing
Unit/中央处理器”的缩写，CPU一般由逻辑运算单元、控制单元和存储单元组成。在逻辑运算和控制单元中包括一些寄存器，这些寄存器用于CPU在处理数据过程中数据的暂时保存，
其实我们在买CPU时，并不需要知道它的构造，只要知道它的性能就可以了。
硬盘：是磁存储，靠磁头读写。硬盘可以长期存储数据，不受断电影响。存储容量大。
一.linux系统查看内存命令：cat /proc/meminfo
free命令是一个快速查看内存使用情况的方法，它是对 /proc/meminfo 收集到的信息的一个概述
如何判断系统内存不足：如果Swap used值大于0，代表服务器物理内存已经遇到内存瓶颈了，已开始使用虚拟内存了，要么优化代码，要么加内存
1. 内存
total:内存总数
used：已使用的内存数
free:空闲的内存数
shared:当前已废弃不用
buffers:系统分配但未被使用的缓冲区
cached:系统分配但未被使用的缓存
(buffers和cached区别：A buffer is something that has yet to be “written” to disk.
A cache is something that has been “read” from the disk and stored for later
use（缓冲区还没有被写入磁盘。 缓存是从磁盘“读取”并存储以备后用的）)
2. 程序已用内存数：
-(buffers/cached):used 第一部分mem行 used-buffers-cached (反应的被程序实实在在吃掉的内存)
程序可用内存数
+(buffers/cached):free 第一部分 mem行 free+buffers+cached （可以挪用的内存总数）
3.交换区
二.cpu：top（即可查看cpu也可查看内存占用率1.)
用下图画红框内容来判定系统是否负载过高（同命令uptime显示效果）
：服务器运行时间
任务
判断进行运行状态：s：sleep; r:run; Z: 僵尸（代表：进程已经死了，但还在占用进程，服务器资源未释放）
i：代表短时在切换资源
三.显示磁盘 ：df -h
四.查看服务器java程序
ps -ef|grep java
五：linux系统状态
