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1.两个概念:
(1)xml:可扩展标记语言,是对HTML的扩展,语法和HTML相似,只是它的标记和属性是可以自己根据业务需要来定义的,而HTML里的标记和属性都是固定的。
(2)xpath:xml
path,就是xml路径语言,是在xml里查找元素或属性的一种技术,用描述元素在整个文件里所在路径的方式来查找信息。(简单来讲就是元素的路径)
说明:html可以被看做是标记固定的一种xml,所以xpath也可以应用于html里查找元素,而selenium
WebDriver里的xpath定位就是使用xpath表达式来描述元素的路径,从而进行元素定位的。
2.xpath表达式分类:
(1)绝对路径:从根目录开始,root。
例如:
绝对路径:/html/body/(单斜杠开头)
(2)相对路径:在一个路径下,另外的路径以这个路径做为参照。
例如:
相对路径//(双斜杠开头)
所以相对路径和绝对路径都是可以找到你要的文件或者html 元素。
但是,建议一般不要用绝对路径,要用相对路径查找元素。
原因是:
- 前端工程师:改页面效果,加一个特效。加几个 div
- 绝对路径