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与膨胀和腐蚀操作一样，开运算和闭运算也是形态学中的两个基本操作，这两个操作是基于腐蚀和膨胀的。
开运算：先腐蚀操作，后膨胀操作。作用是将连接在一起的物体分开，这个连接本身是比较细微的，同时可以去除掉一些孤立的点或是毛刺。
闭运算：先膨胀操作，后腐蚀操作。作用是消除物体内部的一些小黑洞。
看两幅图更容易理解，首先是开运算：
通过开运算操作，物体的大致形状变化不大，一些毛刺、凸起、细微连接处的像素都消失了。
下面是闭运算的示意图：
从上图可见，闭运算也保持了物体的大致形态，只是填补了原本在物体内部的一些洞。
最后看一段opencv实现的简单代码：
import cv2 import matplotlib.pyplot as plt img = cv2.imread("fig.jpg") kernel =
cv2.getStructuringElement(cv2.MORPH_RECT, (20, 20)) open = cv2.morphologyEx(img
, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel) close = cv2.morphologyEx(img, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)
plt.subplot(131); plt.imshow(img); plt.title("original") plt.subplot(132); plt.
imshow(open); plt.title("open") plt.subplot(133); plt.imshow(close); plt.title(
"close") plt.show()
原图像、开运算、闭运算的运行结果如下：
