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作为当前最强大的开源数据库,Postgresql(以下简称pg)对字符的处理也是最为强大的,首先他也有substr,trim等其他数据库都有的普通函数,这里我们介绍他更强大的一个函数substring,可以像python,java等编程语言一样使用正则表达式,强大到极点
在此之前我们先了解一下正则表达式最基础的四个
%代表一个或多个字符 _代表一个字符 ^代表字符前 $代表字符后
pg的官网上对其用法是下面这样,但不够清楚了然,下面我一一解释
* 第一个用法和substr差不多,是指定序列,from 2 for 3 是从序列为2的位置开始取3个字符。例子如上
* 第二个例子用法的意思是:$代表字符后, 一个点代表一个字符,即从最末尾开始选择3个字符,同样的如果是substring('Thomas' from
'^....') 则结果是Thom
* 第三个用法是最实用的,也是最难理解的,先大致理解:
* from '%#"o_a#"_' for '#' 中from是开始(包含),for后面跟的是逃逸,即结束
* 这个例子的意思是我想要o_a的组合字符,其中o_a的多个(%)字符不要,后面的一个(_)字符不要,这里要注意的是切分后面剩多少字符写几个_
* 这里的架构可以理解为固定的,即 from '#"#"' for '#' #" 是分割字符,可以在#"前中后限定选择你最想要的字符
下面用实例来讲解一下第三个用法
需求:下图的查询结果是查的日志表,我想要【】里的数据,由于【】里字符长度不固定,又只能用sql来切割,因此只能使用第三种方法来获取【】里的数据
解决1:根据上面的思想,我可以写这样的架构'【#"%#"_______' FOR '#',试着运行一下
SELECT SUBSTRING ( log_txt FROM '【#"%#"_______' FOR '#' ) log_txt FROM
operation_log WHERE log_type = '15' LIMIT 3
解决2:也可以根据position这个函数来解决,这个函数类似于python的index,就是把字符串的某个字符转变为该字符所在的位置数,如此一来便可以使用substring的第一个例子用法
即SUBSTRING ( log_txt FROM 2 FOR position('【'))
ooook 搞定了!!!