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IP地址的定义:
1、IP地址在网络中用于标识一个节点(或者网络设备的接口);
2、IP地址也用于IP分组在网络中的寻址;
3、一个IPv4地址右32位,通常采用“点分十进制”表示。
二进制、十进制、十六进制三者相互转换关系
IP地址的类别
IPv4总共有:2^32=4,294,967,296个
(注意!!!:127的地址是作为本地回环测试,用来测试本机的TCP/IP是否正常)
IP地址是由网络部分、主机部分这两部分组成的。
举例:
假如有份快递,要从深圳市的华为基地,发送至上海市某区的具体地方。在深圳市的快递公司不关心发送至上海的哪个具体地点,只管往上海地区发送即可。此时,上海市这一地区相当于
区域号(即网络部分) 上海市里的具体接收地点相当于门牌号(即主机部分) 在网络设备中,路由设备“只关心”网络号。
IP地址中,如何区分网络部分和主机部分
NetMask网络掩码(相当于绿叶)
网络掩码为32bits,与IP地址的位数是一样的
网络掩码子二进制的表示是由0、1构成的
值为1的bit对应IP地址的网络位;值为0的bit对应IP地址中的主机位,以此来辅助识别一个IP地址的网络位和主机位。
IP网络通信类型
单播、广播、组播
IP地址类型
可变长度的子网掩码(VLSM)
为何要划分子网?