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<>PHP调用shell命令
<>前言
因为想用php调用python脚本，于是想到可以利用php调用shell命令的方法实现。
php版本：php7.0
<>三种方法
<>1.system
system — 执行外部程序，并且显示输出
函数使用方法
system ( string $command [, int &$return_var ] ) : string
example:
<?php $last_line = system('ls',$return_val); echo(“last line:”.$last_line);
echo(“return:”.$return_val);
说明：执行了shell命令，并直接输出其返回结果；
函数的返回结果为shell命令输出内容的最后一行；
$return_val为shell命令的返回结果。
<>2.exec
exec — 执行一个外部程序
exec ( string $command [, array &$output [, int &$return_var ]] ) : string
example:
<?php exec('ls',$out); var_dump($out);
说明：exec函数返回结果为shell命令输出内容的最后一行；
$output为shell命令输出内容；
$return_val为shell命令返回结果；
<>3.passthru
passthru — 执行外部程序并且显示原始输出
passthru ( string $command [, int &$return_var ] ) : void
example:
<?php passthru('ls',$res); echo($res);
说明：当所执行的 Unix 命令输出二进制数据， 并且需要直接传送到浏览器的时候， 需要用此函数来替代 exec() 或 system() 函数。通过设置
Content-type 为 image/gif， 然后调用 pbmplus 程序输出 gif 文件， 就可以从 PHP 脚本中直接输出图像到浏览器
