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在C++11中,vector的初始化和等号赋值都出现了这样的语法
vector<int> nums({1, 2, 3, 4, 5}); vector<int> nums3 = vector({1, 2, 3, 4,
5}); vector<int> nums2; nums2 = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
而在C++11以前,我们只能:、
int a[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; vector<int> nums4(a); // 不好意思,不存在的 vector<int>
nums5(a, a+5); //这还差不多
看到这种C++11写法很好奇它是怎么实现的,我们熟悉的用数组初始化vector的方式必须要指明数组的首尾地址才能做到。因为在运行期,你是无法得知数组的长度的
,数组长度只有在编译期才可以知道。
后来发现C++11的这种初始化方式是通过标准库中的initializer_list实现的。
初始化用两层花括号,第一层花括号之间用逗号隔开:
vector<vector<char>> board =
{{'X','.','.','X'},{'.','.','.','X'},{'.','.','.','X'}}; vector<vector<string>>
letter({ {"a","b","c"},{ "d","e","f" },{ "g","h","i" }, { "j","k","l" },{
"m","n","o" }, { "p","q","r" ,"s" }, { "t","u","v" },{ "w","x","y" ,"z"} });
不止是初始化
C++11中,还可以使用大括号包围的值列表赋值
先回顾一下初始化变量时的情况:
vector vi{1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
接下来是赋值的情况:
vector vi;
vi = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10};
这种形式,对于有限多个数值的赋值是非常有用的。
如果大括号里的初始化列表为空,编译器会创建一个值初始化的临时量并赋值给赋值对象。
vector<string> ret; if (digits.size() == 0){ ret = {}; return ret; }
上例中就是返回了一个空向量!!!